Archaeology hub

Igneous

How igneous rocks show up in sites, tools, and tradeโ€”and how archaeologists use them to identify stone materials, sourcing, and technology.

Close-up of a dark gray stone slab texture
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What this hub covers

Igneous stones are common in architecture, ground stone tools, and trade goods. This hub collects short, practical pages you can use while identifying materials in hand or interpreting finds in context.

Why igneous matters in archaeology

Durability, workability, and heat history affect how igneous rocks were selected for tools, paving, and constructionโ€”and what traces they leave behind.


Common igneous materials at sites

Basalt, granite, and obsidian are frequent. Each has distinctive texture, fracture, and wear patterns that guide identification.


Sourcing and exchange

Some igneous materials are highly local; others (like obsidian) can be traced to specific volcanic sources, revealing movement and trade.


Field identification workflow

A quick sequence: texture โ†’ grain size โ†’ visible minerals โ†’ fracture โ†’ magnetism โ†’ context. Use this to narrow candidates before lab methods.

Subpages

Igneous quick guides

Short pages (placeholders) to expand next. Each page links back to this hub and to the main Archaeology overview.

Dark gray stone texture close-up

Basalt in archaeology

Where basalt appears (ground stone, paving), what it looks like, and common lookalikes.

Read overview
Dark stone surface with light veining

Granite and granitic stones

Coarse grains, mineral ID cues, and how weathering changes appearance in architectural stone.

See ID cues
Stone texture close-up

Obsidian and volcanic glass

Fracture, hydration, sourcing basics, and what to record in the field.

Learn sourcing

Return to the Archaeology overview

Use the main Archaeology page to navigate all stone-and-rock identification topics and site methods.