Rock cycle & processes

The scientific framework for how rocks transform: weathering, transport, burial, melting, crystallization, and metamorphism.

The rock cycle in steps

A simplified process map with scientific terms you’ll see in geology texts.

01

Weathering & erosion

Physical and chemical breakdown; produces sediment and dissolved ions.

02

Transport & deposition

Sediment moves by water, wind, ice; deposition creates beds, laminations, and facies.

In plain terms: rocks don’t “stay” one type—processes move material through different environments over time.

03

Burial, compaction & cementation

Diagenesis turns sediment into rock; cement types include calcite, silica, iron oxides.

04

Metamorphism & melting

Heat/pressure/fluids change minerals and fabric; melting produces magma that crystallizes into igneous rocks.

Process snapshots

A few environments and textures tied to key rock-cycle processes.

Rock face showing strata and mineral vein Volcanic rock texture representing igneous processes Sedimentary layering representing deposition Metamorphic schist outcrop representing deformation
Rock face showing strata and mineral vein Volcanic rock texture representing igneous processes Sedimentary layering representing deposition Metamorphic schist outcrop representing deformation
Rock face showing strata and mineral vein Volcanic rock texture representing igneous processes Sedimentary layering representing deposition Metamorphic schist outcrop representing deformation
Rock face showing strata and mineral vein Volcanic rock texture representing igneous processes Sedimentary layering representing deposition Metamorphic schist outcrop representing deformation
Rock face showing strata and mineral vein Volcanic rock texture representing igneous processes Sedimentary layering representing deposition Metamorphic schist outcrop representing deformation
Rock face showing strata and mineral vein Volcanic rock texture representing igneous processes Sedimentary layering representing deposition Metamorphic schist outcrop representing deformation

Back to Stone Science

Return to the overview page to continue into textures, geochemistry, and the full glossary.