Colorful mineral crystals and banding in an agate cross-section

Geology hub

Minerals & Identification

A practical toolkit for naming what you’re holding—starting with minerals, then moving to rock textures and field tests.

Subtopics

Mineral properties

Hardness, streak, luster, cleavage, fracture, density, magnetism, and acid reaction—what each test means and how to use it.

Field identification workflow

A step-by-step decision process: observe texture → run quick tests → narrow candidates → confirm with references or lab methods.

Rock textures

Crystal size, sorting, rounding, layering, vesicles, glass, and fabric—how texture points to formation environment.

Simple field kit

What geologists carry: hand lens, streak plate, magnet, acid bottle, hardness picks, and a notebook—and how to use them safely.